St. Mary's

Politics Curriculum Map

Year 12 Curriculum Map

Government of the United Kingdom

The nature and sources of the British Constitution

Students should analyse and evaluate:

the nature and sources of the British constitution

contemporary legislation and current issues regarding rights

issues and debates around recent constitutional changes

debates about the extent of rights in the UK

two examples of constitutional changes since 1997.

areas where individual and collective rights are in agreement and where they are in conflict.

The structure and role of Parliament

Students should analyse and evaluate:

scrutiny of the executive and how effective scrutiny of the executive is in practice

parliamentary debate and the legislative process

Commons

Lords

theories of representation – Burkean, delegate, mandate theories

the roles and influence of MPs and peers

the significance of Commons and Lords:

work of committees

role of the opposition

the extent of Parliament’s influence on government decisions:

Party discipline enables the government to routinely outvote opposition

government control of civil servants’ appearances before Select Committees

membership of those committees is largely controlled by the Whips’ offices.

interactions of parliament and other branches of government.

The Prime Minister and cabinet

Students should analyse and evaluate:

how policy is made

the relationship between Prime Minister and cabinet

The difference between individual and collective responsibility.

The power of the Prime Minister and cabinet to dictate events and determine policy making.

Government/parliament relations – accountability/interest.

Politics of the United Kingdom

Democracy and participation

Students should develop awareness of development of the suffrage in the UK – debates and issues:

how suffrage has changed since the Great Reform Act (1832) to the present

debates regarding gender, class, ethnicity and age

the significance of the Chartists, Suffragists and Suffragettes

suffrage as a human right.

Students will be required to analyse and evaluate:

the nature of democracy

different types of democracy – direct democracy, representative government

patterns of participation and different forms of participation.

Elections and referendums

Students will be required to analyse and evaluate the characteristics of different systems used in parliamentary elections and in elections to one of the devolved bodies in the UK including:

debates and issues around the performance of those systems

the advantages and disadvantages of those systems

three key elections since 1945 should be selected for detailed study. These should include:

the 1997 general election

one election from before 1997

one election since 1997.

Political parties

students should analyse and evaluate:

the origins, ideas and development of the Conservative, Labour, and Liberal Democrat parties and how these have helped shape their current policies

party structures and functions of Conservative, Labour and Liberal Democrat parties

issues and debates around party funding

relations with, and influence of, the media

factors affecting electoral outcomes

policies of minor parties and their impact on political debates and political agenda

development towards a multi-party system in the UK and its impact on government and policy.

Government of the United Kingdom

The judiciary

Students should analyse and evaluate:

the composition of the judiciary and the appointments process

the role of the Supreme Court and its impact on government, legislature and policy process

judicial influence on government

importance of ultra vires, judicial review and the Supreme Court’s interactions with and influence over the legislative and policy making processes.

Devolution

Students should analyse and evaluate:
the roles, powers and responsibilities of the different devolved bodies in the UK

debate around devolution in England

existing devolution in England

impact of devolution on the government of the UK.

Politics of the United Kingdom

Pressure Groups

Students should analyse and evaluate:

pressure groups and democracy – pluralism

other influences on government and parliament:

think tanks

lobbyists

corporations

media

typologies of pressure groups, including a detailed study of one insider and one outsider group

methods used by pressure groups

factors likely to affect the political influence of different groups, such as membership and resources

links with political parties, government and the media.

The European Union

Students should analyse and evaluate:

aims of the EU and the extent to which they have been achieved

the impact of the EU on UK politics and policy making.

Government and Politics of the USA and Comparative Politics

The constitutional framework of US government

Students should analyse and evaluate:

the nature and significance of the US Constitution

the significance of constitutional principles

framework of government laid down in the US Constitution

federal system of government

federal state relations

amendment process

debates concerning the importance of the US Constitution to the working of contemporary US government

protection of civil liberties and rights under the US Constitution, Bill of Rights, and Supreme Court rulings.

The legislative branch of government: Congress

Students should analyse and evaluate:

the structure, role and powers of the US Congress

composition of Congress, the different terms of office and party allegiance

debates concerning the functions, powers and effectiveness of Congress in legislation, oversight and the power of the purse

party system and committee system and their significance within Congress

representative role of senators and representatives

relative strengths of the House of Representatives and the Senate

relationship of Congress to the executive branch of government and the Supreme Court.

The executive branch of government: President

sources of presidential power: selecting two relevant examples to demonstrate how these have been used by different presidents

difference between formal powers (enumerated and inherent powers outlined in Article 2 of the constitution) and informal powers (President as de facto party leader, agenda setter, world leader, modern developments eg stretching of implied powers and the creation of institutions such as Executive Office of the President (EXOP))

constraints on President’s ability to exercise those powers:

the effectiveness of formal checks and balances

key variables such as party support in Congress

the prevailing orientation of the Supreme Court

the attitudes of the media and public opinion

the relationship between the presidency and other institutions eg the cabinet, the Executive Office of the President (EXOP), the federal bureaucracy and federal agencies, and why this relationship varies from one president to another

one example that shows the waxing and waning of presidential power
the debate about the ‘Imperial versus Imperilled Presidency’.

Political ideas

Liberalism

Students should analyse and evaluate:

debates about the nature of liberalism

core liberal ideas and values concerning the individual and freedom

classical liberalism, modern (new/progressive) liberalism

in their study of the following thinkers students should focus on the aspects indicated after each thinker’s name and relate this to liberal thinking on human nature, the state, society and the economy:

John Locke – natural rights, liberty and individualism, fiduciary power of government

John Stuart Mill – criticism of hedonism, freedom, integrity and self respect of the individual, self regarding and other regarding actions

John Rawls – concept of justice, principles of justice
Thomas Hill Green – self development/role of the State, negative and positive freedom

Mary Wollstonecraft – equality and rights, ‘revolution controversy’, criticisms of aristocracy and republicanism

Betty Friedan – equal rights, Civil Rights and feminist movements in the USA.

Conservatism

Students should analyse and evaluate:

debates about the nature of conservatism

core conservative ideas and values concerning government, the free market and the individual

different strands of conservative thinking from traditional Conservatism to the New Right

in their study of the following thinkers students should focus on the aspects indicated after each thinker’s name and relate this to conservative thinking on human nature, the state, society and the economy:

Thomas Hobbes – concept of human nature/laws of nature, power of the sovereign/the individual and self protection

Edmund Burke – Anti-Jacobinism/Whig principles, Burke’s reaction to the American and French Revolutions

Michael Oakeshott – importance of tradition/criticisms of rationalism, ‘Politics of Faith’ vs ‘Politics of Scepticism’

Ayn Rand – opposition to collectivism and statism, rational and ethical egoism/individual rights

Robert Nozick – limited functions of the State, justification of inequalities of wealth resulting from freely exchanged contracts.

Year 13 Curriculum Map

Government and Politics of the USA and Comparative Politics

The judicial branch of government

process of selection and appointment of Supreme Court judges

current composition

the nature of judicial power

the constitutional role of the Supreme Court:

Supreme Court as the guardian of the constitution/constitutional interpretation

Supreme Court as protector of citizens’ rights
the significance of judicial review

debates about the political significance of the Supreme Court

two examples of landmark rulings and related debates and controversies

The electoral process and direct democracy

Students should analyse and evaluate:

the electoral systems used in the USA

main characteristics of presidential and congressional elections and campaigns

candidate selection and nomination:

primaries

caucuses

national nominating conventions

debates concerning the workings, outcomes and impact of the electoral college system on campaigns

factors determining electoral outcomes:

money

media

issues

leadership

the significance of incumbency

debates about campaign finance

direct democracy at state level:

referendums, initiatives, propositions, recall elections and debates concerning their use

voting behaviour and the main variables affecting the way people vote in the USA

links between parties and their core voting coalitions

factors in voting behaviour:

issues, candidates
the significance of recent (post 1980) and historic (eg 1932 and 1968) re-aligning elections can be used to illustrate arguments relating to factors influencing voting

split ticket voting and high levels of abstention in US elections.

Political ideas

Socialism

Students should analyse and evaluate:

debates about the nature of socialism

core socialist views and values concerning Marxism, class analysis and the fundamental goals of socialism

differing views and tensions within and between revolutionary socialism and social democracy

in their study of the following thinkers students should focus on the aspects indicated after each thinker’s name and relate this to socialist thinking on human nature, the state, society and the economy:

Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels – class and class struggle, dialectical materialism

Rosa Luxemburg – inevitability of the triumph of revolution/capacity of the masses, spontaneity/party oriented class struggle

Beatrice Webb – co-operative movement, co-operative federalism and co-operative individualism

Anthony Crosland – criticism of Marxism/Revisionism, rejection of nationalisation as central goal of party, political values of personal liberty, social welfare and equality

Anthony Giddens – rejection of traditional conception of socialism, the ‘Third Way’ in politics, combination of right wing economic and left wing social policies.

Government and Politics of the USA and Comparative Politics

Political parties

Students should analyse and evaluate:

the two main political parties and their:

ideologies

values

policies

traditions

party organisation

the ideological changes in both the Democratic and Republican parties making them more distinct and polarized
factionalised nature of parties and internal divisions

debates concerning party decline or renewal

weakness of US parties

the two party dominance in US politics

significance of third parties and independent candidates.

Pressure groups

Students should analyse and evaluate:

the extent of political pluralism in the USA

typologies of pressure groups

methods and tactics used by pressure groups to influence decision making

pressure group funding of elections:

funding of Washington insiders

iron triangles

reinforcing incumbency

relative power of pressure groups vis-a-vis political parties

debates concerning the power of pressure groups in the USA

role and significance of Political Action Committees and Super PAC’s regarding electoral finance.

Civil rights

Students should analyse and evaluate:

protection of civil liberties and rights under:

the constitution

Bill of Rights

subsequent amendments

landmark rulings of the Supreme Court

the role of pressure groups in promoting and supporting rights
the impact of salient political issues concerning civil rights and liberties on US politics eg in relation to one of:

abortion

race

immigration

religion

freedom of speech

gender

sexual orientation

privacy

disability

the right to bear arms

Political ideas

Feminism

Students should analyse and evaluate:

debates about the nature of feminism

core feminist views and values concerning equality of treatment, recognition of gender differences, affirmative action

liberal feminism and radical feminism, and more recent developments such as difference feminism and post-feminism

in their study of the following thinkers students should focus on the aspects indicated after each thinker’s name and relate this to feminist thinking on human nature, the state, society and the economy:

Charlotte Perkins Gilman – reform Darwinism, role of females in society, androcentric culture
Simone de Beauvoir – feminist existentialism, patriarchal society, feminism and socialism

Kate Millett – theory of sexual politics, radical feminism

Sheila Rowbotham – oppression of women and the working class, socialist feminism

bell hooks (Gloria Jean Watkins) – intersectionality, education gap between those lower in the economic scale and the leader of the feminist movement.

Summer

Revision/Exams